Germany’s failure to secure a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council (UNSC) for 2027–28 highlights the importance of soft power, diplomacy, and coalition-building within global governance institutions. Despite being the world’s third-largest economy, Europe’s largest economy, and the fourth-largest contributor to the UN budget, Germany received only 104 votes in the UN General Assembly, falling well short of the 127 required. Portugal won 134 votes and Austria 131. The ten non-permanent seats on the UNSC are elected on a biannual basis, with a specific number of seats allocated to various global regions to ensure broad global representation. Portugal, Austria and Germany were all seeking election in the “Western Europe and Others Group” (WEOG).
The result suggests that material capabilities do not automatically translate into influence within international institutions. Germany entered the race relatively late, after Portugal and Austria had already spent years building support among UN member states. In contrast, Portugal benefited from strong diplomatic links with former colonies across Africa, Asia and South America, while Austria successfully presented itself as a neutral state capable of engaging with a wide range of countries.
Germany also faced soft power challenges. Chancellor Friedrich Merz did not attend the 2025 UN General Assembly, reducing opportunities for diplomatic engagement. Berlin has additionally cut development and humanitarian aid, potentially weakening its reputation among states in the Global South. Germany’s strong support for Ukraine and its close relationship with Israel may also have reduced support among countries holding different foreign policy positions. Germany’s Foreign Minister even suggested that Russia actively campaigned against Germany’s bid.
From a liberal perspective, the outcome demonstrates that global governance institutions are shaped by diplomacy, persuasion and international legitimacy. States that successfully build networks and attract support can achieve influence regardless of their relative economic power. However, realists would argue that the election reflects ongoing power politics. Russia’s alleged opposition to Germany and the continued dominance of the UNSC’s five permanent members show that national interests remain central to international relations.